Php - May 5, 2012 · In order to set project specific configuration options, simply add a php.ini file to your project, and then run the built-in server with this flag: php -S localhost:8000 -c php.ini. This is especially helpful for settings that cannot be set at runtime (ini_set ()). up. down.

 
May 29, 2023 · PHP frameworks offer several benefits, making them a compelling choice for web developers. Firstly, PHP frameworks offer a structured approach to development with pre-built components, streamlining the process, accelerating project completion, and enhancing productivity. Secondly, using a PHP framework can contribute to cost savings. . A ok railroad

PHP is an open source, multi-paradigm, dynamically-typed and interpreted scripting language designed initially for server-side web development. Use this tag for questions about programming in the PHP language.0.01 7649551 US Dollars. 1 USD = 56.6587 PHP. We use the mid-market rate for our Converter. This is for informational purposes only. You won’t receive this rate when sending money. Login to view send rates. Philippine Peso to US Dollar conversion — Last updated Sep 3, 2023, 08:11 UTC.PHP provides us with two major types of functions: Built-in functions : PHP provides us with huge collection of built-in library functions. These functions are already coded and stored in form of functions. To use those we just need to call them as per our requirement like, var_dump, fopen (), print_r (), gettype () and so on.10 Answers Sorted by: 70 $a === $b (Identical) TRUE if $a is equal to $b, and they are of the same type. (introduced in PHP 4) PHP Docs Share Improve this answer Follow edited Jul 25, 2016 at 23:03 KevinPHP – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre. 客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî. Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча. Bân-lâm-gú. , usada originalmente apenas para o desenvolvimento de aplicações presentes e atuantes no , capazes de gerar conteúdo dinâmico na Figura entre as primeiras linguagens passíveis de inserção em documentos , dispensando em muitos ...Basic PHP Syntax. A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document. The default file extension for PHP files is " .php ". A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, and some PHP scripting code. Below, we have an example of a simple PHP file, with a PHP script that uses a built-in PHP function " echo " to output the text "Hello World!"Jul 13, 2023 · PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. The best way we learn anything is by practice and exercise questions. HTML is used for specifying colors, text formatting, aligning, etc. PHP is easy to learn but not as much as HTML. HTML is very easy to learn. PHP is used for server-side development. HTML is used for front-end development. PHP can’t be used in an HTML file. HTML can be used in a PHP file. Extensions of PHP are .php, .php3, .php4, .php7.PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. The best way we learn anything is by practice and exercise questions.PHP Operators. Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values. PHP divides the operators in the following groups: Arithmetic operators. Assignment operators. Comparison operators. Increment/Decrement operators. Logical operators. String operators. May 30, 2023 · Great if you like your tutorials to the point. 11. Learn-php.org Free Interactive PHP Tutorial. Learn-php.org free interactive PHP tutorial. The unique thing about this PHP tutorial is that it’s a set of interactive exercises that encourage you to try out coding and see if you can get the expected output. The PHP concatenation operator (.) is used to combine two string values to create one string. .=. Concatenation assignment. لغة PHP (والتي هي اختصارٌ تعاودي للعبارة PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) هي لغةٌ مفتوحة المصدر شائعة الاستخدام لها مجال استخدامٍ عامٍ لكنها تناسب تطوير الويب ودمج لغة HTML معها. الذي يُميّز PHP عن الشيفرات التي ... We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Longhorn PHP 2023. Change language: Released! PHP 8.1 is a major update of the PHP language. It contains many new features, including enums, readonly properties, first-class callable syntax, fibers, intersection types, performance improvements and more. Upgrade to PHP 8.1 now!PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is known as a general-purpose scripting language that can be used to develop dynamic and interactive websites. It was among the first server-side languages that could be embedded into HTML, making it easier to add functionality to web pages without needing to call external files for data.Our basic PHP website is going to feature a home page, including biographical information and some images. For this simple PHP website, you're going to create a single PHP page populated by content from three HTML pages. The index.php file you create can then be edited by adjusting the words and images from the original HTML files.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. To change the PHP settings, open your User or Workspace Settings ( ⌘, (Windows, Linux Ctrl+,)) and type 'php' to filter the list of available settings. To set the PHP executable path, select the Edit in settings.json link under PHP > Validate: Executable Path, which will open your user settings.json file. Sep 4, 2023 · 0.01 7649551 US Dollars. 1 USD = 56.6587 PHP. We use the mid-market rate for our Converter. This is for informational purposes only. You won’t receive this rate when sending money. Login to view send rates. Philippine Peso to US Dollar conversion — Last updated Sep 3, 2023, 08:11 UTC. Longhorn PHP 2023. Change language: Released! PHP 8.1 is a major update of the PHP language. It contains many new features, including enums, readonly properties, first-class callable syntax, fibers, intersection types, performance improvements and more. Upgrade to PHP 8.1 now!PHP is a server-side scripting language, which means that a server executes the instructions in a script. Then, the server provides data on request, channels the requests, and organizes the information in a database. When a web server receives a script, it will process the request and send output to a web browser in an HTML format.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Executable: C:\php\php-cgi.exe; Name: FastCGI; Figure 5: Add Script Map. Click OK, and then click Yes. In the left panel, click on your server's hostname, and then double-click on the Default Document icon. From the Actions panel on the right, click Add. Enter index.php as the new default document name, and then click OK.PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. popular general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development. Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world. What's new in 8.2 Download. 8.2.9 · Changelog · Upgrading. لغة PHP (والتي هي اختصارٌ تعاودي للعبارة PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) هي لغةٌ مفتوحة المصدر شائعة الاستخدام لها مجال استخدامٍ عامٍ لكنها تناسب تطوير الويب ودمج لغة HTML معها. الذي يُميّز PHP عن الشيفرات التي ... لغة PHP (والتي هي اختصارٌ تعاودي للعبارة PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) هي لغةٌ مفتوحة المصدر شائعة الاستخدام لها مجال استخدامٍ عامٍ لكنها تناسب تطوير الويب ودمج لغة HTML معها. الذي يُميّز PHP عن الشيفرات التي ... To update PHP, click on Change PHP to v8.1. If successful, this section will indicate that your site is up to date: Although we strongly encourage you to test PHP version changes in a staging environment, you can modify your PHP version on your live website. To do this, go to Manage Websites in your DreamHost Panel.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. PHP 8.3.0 RC 1 available for testing. Predefined Variables. Predefined Exceptions. Predefined Interfaces and Classes. Predefined Attributes. Supported Protocols and Wrappers. Variable and Type Related Extensions. "MyClass::myFunc () ""OtherClass::myFunc () ". A class constant, class property (static), and class function (static) can all share ...PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. Nice, but what does that mean? An example:Longhorn PHP 2023. Change language: Released! PHP 8.1 is a major update of the PHP language. It contains many new features, including enums, readonly properties, first-class callable syntax, fibers, intersection types, performance improvements and more. Upgrade to PHP 8.1 now! PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is known as a general-purpose scripting language that can be used to develop dynamic and interactive websites. It was among the first server-side languages that could be embedded into HTML, making it easier to add functionality to web pages without needing to call external files for data.PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, thường được viết tắt thành PHP là một ngôn ngữ lập trình kịch bản hay một loại mã lệnh chủ yếu được dùng để phát triển các ứng dụng viết cho máy chủ, mã nguồn mở, dùng cho mục đích tổng quát. Nó rất thích hợp với web và có thể dễ ... PHP로 작성된 프로그램 목록. 1. 개요 [편집] 대표적인 서버 사이드 스크립트 언어 로 전 세계 수많은 웹 시스템의 기반이 되는 언어. 비슷한 언어로는 Perl, Ruby 등이 있다. C-like 문법 [3] 으로 되어 있고, CGI보다 나으며, Perl처럼 배열이 연관 배열이라 자료 구조가 ...Where src/ is the directory containing all your PHP code. Then, run the commands to build and run the Docker image: $ docker build -t my-php-app . $ docker run -d --name my-running-app my-php-app. We recommend that you add a php.ini configuration file; see the "Configuration" section for details.Dec 1, 2019 · PHP is a server-side scripting language created in 1995 by Rasmus Lerdorf. PHP is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. What is PHP used for? As of October 2018, PHP is used on 80% of websites whose server-side language is known. It is typically ... Great if you like your tutorials to the point. 11. Learn-php.org Free Interactive PHP Tutorial. Learn-php.org free interactive PHP tutorial. The unique thing about this PHP tutorial is that it’s a set of interactive exercises that encourage you to try out coding and see if you can get the expected output.PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. Nice, but what does that mean? An example:Overview. Websites frequently use the PHP scripting language for applications and content. EasyApache allows you to easily install and modify PHP for your server. When you install cPanel & WHM, the installation process automatically installs PHP with some common PHP options. For more information about PHP, read the PHP website.PHP is an open source, multi-paradigm, dynamically-typed and interpreted scripting language designed initially for server-side web development. Use this tag for questions about programming in the PHP language.PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is known as a general-purpose scripting language that can be utilized to create intuitive and dynamic websites. It was among the pioneer server-side language that can be integrated into HTML, making it easier to include functionality to web pages without requiring to call external data.Aug 1, 2023 · PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. Nice, but what does that mean? An example: The term PHP is an acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. PHP is a server-side scripting language designed specifically for web development. It is open-source which means it is free to download and use. It is very simple to learn and use. The files have the extension “.php”. Rasmus Lerdorf inspired the first version of PHP and ...PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, thường được viết tắt thành PHP là một ngôn ngữ lập trình kịch bản hay một loại mã lệnh chủ yếu được dùng để phát triển các ứng dụng viết cho máy chủ, mã nguồn mở, dùng cho mục đích tổng quát. Nó rất thích hợp với web và có thể dễ ... Reset keys of array elements using PHP ? New self vs. new static in PHP; Anonymous recursive function in PHP; What is the purpose of php.ini file ? How to recursively delete a directory and its entire contents (files + sub dirs) in PHP? How to display HTML tags as plain text using PHP; How to measure the speed of code written in PHP?The PHP concatenation operator (.) is used to combine two string values to create one string. .=. Concatenation assignment. Dec 23, 2022 · Grav 1.7.29 PHP 8.1 benchmark results: 2137.43 req/sec 🏆; PHP 8.1 is the undisputed winner with Grav, closely followed by PHP 8.0 and the rest. Being a relatively new CMS, it has a smaller market share than WordPress. Hence, it can drop support for older PHP versions quite quickly. That’s one of the most significant advantages of modern CMSs. Aug 30, 2019 · HTML is used for specifying colors, text formatting, aligning, etc. PHP is easy to learn but not as much as HTML. HTML is very easy to learn. PHP is used for server-side development. HTML is used for front-end development. PHP can’t be used in an HTML file. HTML can be used in a PHP file. Extensions of PHP are .php, .php3, .php4, .php7. Source Code + Text Tutorials - http://codewithharry.com/videos/php-tutorials-in-hindi-1 This video is a part of this PHP tutorials in Hindi playlist - https...This is an example PHP application, which is intentionally vulnerable to web attacks. It is intended to help you test Acunetix. It also helps you understand how developer errors and bad configuration may let someone break into your website. You can use it to test other tools and your manual hacking skills as well.Well organized and easy to understand Web building tutorials with lots of examples of how to use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, Python, PHP, Bootstrap, Java, XML and more.There are two string operators. The first is the concatenation operator ('.'), which returns the concatenation of its right and left arguments. The second is the concatenating assignment operator (' .= '), which appends the argument on the right side to the argument on the left side. Please read Assignment Operators for more information.There is also something called a nowdoc which is like a single quote string in PHP, but these won't let you use variables inside them. It is the start of a string that uses the HEREDOC syntax. A third way to delimit strings is the heredoc syntax: <<<. After this operator, an identifier is provided, then a newline.PDO will work on 12 different database systems, whereas MySQLi will only work with MySQL databases. So, if you have to switch your project to use another database, PDO makes the process easy. You only have to change the connection string and a few queries. With MySQLi, you will need to rewrite the entire code - queries included. PHP로 작성된 프로그램 목록. 1. 개요 [편집] 대표적인 서버 사이드 스크립트 언어 로 전 세계 수많은 웹 시스템의 기반이 되는 언어. 비슷한 언어로는 Perl, Ruby 등이 있다. C-like 문법 [3] 으로 되어 있고, CGI보다 나으며, Perl처럼 배열이 연관 배열이라 자료 구조가 ...May 30, 2023 · Great if you like your tutorials to the point. 11. Learn-php.org Free Interactive PHP Tutorial. Learn-php.org free interactive PHP tutorial. The unique thing about this PHP tutorial is that it’s a set of interactive exercises that encourage you to try out coding and see if you can get the expected output. The PHP team is pleased to announce the release of PHP 8.3.0, RC 1. This is the first release candidate, continuing the PHP 8.3 release cycle, the rough outline of which is specified in the PHP Wiki. Improvements for PHP tools. The latest release comes with numerous improvements around PHP tooling, such as support for baseline in PHP_CodeSniffer, support for Laravel Pint, more use cases covered for generics in PHP, support for assertions, and much more. Discover All New Features.Like already some answered before: The @ operator suppresses all errors in PHP, including notices, warnings and even critical errors. BUT: Please, ...Taken directly from PHP's home, PHP.net, "PHP is an HTML-embedded scripting language. Much of its syntax is borrowed from C, Java and Perl with a couple of unique PHP-specific features thrown in. The goal of the language is to allow web developers to write dynamically generated pages quickly." This is generally a good definition of PHP.This is an example PHP application, which is intentionally vulnerable to web attacks. It is intended to help you test Acunetix. It also helps you understand how developer errors and bad configuration may let someone break into your website. You can use it to test other tools and your manual hacking skills as well.Here's how to run dual PHP instances with PHP 5.2 and any previous PHP on Windows 2003: 1. Right-click My Computer, go to Advanced tab, and click on Environment Variables. Add the two installations and their EXT directories to the Path variable. For example, add: c:\php;c:\php\ext;c:\TMAS\php;c:\tmas\php\ext;Basic PHP Syntax. A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document. The default file extension for PHP files is " .php ". A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, and some PHP scripting code. Below, we have an example of a simple PHP file, with a PHP script that uses a built-in PHP function " echo " to output the text "Hello World!" Dec 23, 2022 · Grav 1.7.29 PHP 8.1 benchmark results: 2137.43 req/sec 🏆; PHP 8.1 is the undisputed winner with Grav, closely followed by PHP 8.0 and the rest. Being a relatively new CMS, it has a smaller market share than WordPress. Hence, it can drop support for older PHP versions quite quickly. That’s one of the most significant advantages of modern CMSs. PHP 8.3.0 RC 1 available for testing. Predefined Variables. Predefined Exceptions. Predefined Interfaces and Classes. Predefined Attributes. Supported Protocols and Wrappers. Variable and Type Related Extensions. "MyClass::myFunc () ""OtherClass::myFunc () ". A class constant, class property (static), and class function (static) can all share ...PHP. 3.4. Free. One Of The Web's Premier Programming Languages. Multi-Platform. Free Download for Windows. Other platforms. PHP is a free programming language used primarily in web applications (it is used in the ever-popular PHP-Nuke web portal software). Improvements for PHP tools. The latest release comes with numerous improvements around PHP tooling, such as support for baseline in PHP_CodeSniffer, support for Laravel Pint, more use cases covered for generics in PHP, support for assertions, and much more. Discover All New Features. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.PHP. 3.4. Free. One Of The Web's Premier Programming Languages. Multi-Platform. Free Download for Windows. Other platforms. PHP is a free programming language used primarily in web applications (it is used in the ever-popular PHP-Nuke web portal software).Well organized and easy to understand Web building tutorials with lots of examples of how to use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, Python, PHP, Bootstrap, Java, XML and more.Well organized and easy to understand Web building tutorials with lots of examples of how to use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, Python, PHP, Bootstrap, Java, XML and more.Basic PHP Syntax. A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document. The default file extension for PHP files is " .php ". A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, and some PHP scripting code. Below, we have an example of a simple PHP file, with a PHP script that uses a built-in PHP function " echo " to output the text "Hello World!" PHP is an open source, multi-paradigm, dynamically-typed and interpreted scripting language designed initially for server-side web development. Use this tag for questions about programming in the PHP language. Aug 1, 2023 · In PHP, the || operator only ever returns a boolean. For a chainable assignment operator, use the ?: "Elvis" operator. JavaScript: let a = false; let b = false; let c = true; let d = false; let e = a || b || c || d; // e === c <?PHP $a = false; $b = false; $c = true; $d = false; $e = $a ?: $b ?: $c ?: $d; // $e === $c?> Credit to @egst and ... Aug 14, 2023 · Our basic PHP website is going to feature a home page, including biographical information and some images. For this simple PHP website, you're going to create a single PHP page populated by content from three HTML pages. The index.php file you create can then be edited by adjusting the words and images from the original HTML files. The PHP team is pleased to announce the release of PHP 8.3.0, RC 1. This is the first release candidate, continuing the PHP 8.3 release cycle, the rough outline of which is specified in the PHP Wiki. Here we would like to show the very basics of PHP in a short, simple tutorial. This text only deals with dynamic web page creation with PHP, though PHP is not only capable of creating web pages. See the section titled What can PHP do for more information. PHP-enabled web pages are treated just like regular HTML pages and you can create and edit ... Just like any other programming language, PHP also supports various types of operations like arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, etc), logical operations (AND, OR etc), Increment/Decrement Operations, etc. Thus, PHP provides us with many operators to perform such operations on various operands or variables, or values.PHP PGO build for maximum performance (old) amd64 (x86_64) Builds. PHP 7 provides full 64-bit support. The x64 builds of PHP 7 support native 64-bit integers, LFS, 64-bit memory_limit and much more. x64 builds are recommended (almost all Windows installations support x64). Long and multibyte path. PHP 7.1+ supports long and UTF-8 paths. Introduction to PHP form processing. To create a form, you use the <form> element as follows: <form action="form.php" method="post"> </form> Code language: HTML, XML (xml) The <form> element has two important attributes: action: specifies the URL that processes the form submission. In this example, the form.php will process the form.The PHP concatenation operator (.) is used to combine two string values to create one string. .=. Concatenation assignment. Jun 17, 2022 · The term PHP is an acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. PHP is a server-side scripting language designed specifically for web development. It is open-source which means it is free to download and use. It is very simple to learn and use. The files have the extension “.php”. Rasmus Lerdorf inspired the first version of PHP and ... The PHP concatenation operator (.) is used to combine two string values to create one string. .=. Concatenation assignment.PHP $_REQUEST is a PHP super global variable which is used to collect data after submitting an HTML form. The example below shows a form with an input field and a submit button. When a user submits the data by clicking on "Submit", the form data is sent to the file specified in the action attribute of the <form> tag.PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, thường được viết tắt thành PHP là một ngôn ngữ lập trình kịch bản hay một loại mã lệnh chủ yếu được dùng để phát triển các ứng dụng viết cho máy chủ, mã nguồn mở, dùng cho mục đích tổng quát. Nó rất thích hợp với web và có thể dễ ...

Improvements for PHP tools. The latest release comes with numerous improvements around PHP tooling, such as support for baseline in PHP_CodeSniffer, support for Laravel Pint, more use cases covered for generics in PHP, support for assertions, and much more. Discover All New Features.. Brother dcp

php

Aug 1, 2023 · Description ¶. $_SERVER is an array containing information such as headers, paths, and script locations. The entries in this array are created by the web server, therefore there is no guarantee that every web server will provide any of these; servers may omit some, or provide others not listed here. However, most of these variables are ... PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. Nice, but what does that mean? An example:PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server. PHP can collect form data. PHP can send and receive cookies. PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database. PHP can be used to control user-access. PHP can encrypt data. With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images or PDF files. لغة PHP (والتي هي اختصارٌ تعاودي للعبارة PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) هي لغةٌ مفتوحة المصدر شائعة الاستخدام لها مجال استخدامٍ عامٍ لكنها تناسب تطوير الويب ودمج لغة HTML معها. الذي يُميّز PHP عن الشيفرات التي ...Our basic PHP website is going to feature a home page, including biographical information and some images. For this simple PHP website, you're going to create a single PHP page populated by content from three HTML pages. The index.php file you create can then be edited by adjusting the words and images from the original HTML files.W3Schools offers free online tutorials, references and exercises in all the major languages of the web. Covering popular subjects like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Python, SQL, Java, and many, many more.PHP – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre. 客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî. Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча. Bân-lâm-gú. , usada originalmente apenas para o desenvolvimento de aplicações presentes e atuantes no , capazes de gerar conteúdo dinâmico na Figura entre as primeiras linguagens passíveis de inserção em documentos , dispensando em muitos ...Improvements for PHP tools. The latest release comes with numerous improvements around PHP tooling, such as support for baseline in PHP_CodeSniffer, support for Laravel Pint, more use cases covered for generics in PHP, support for assertions, and much more. Discover All New Features. May 6, 2022 · To update PHP, click on Change PHP to v8.1. If successful, this section will indicate that your site is up to date: Although we strongly encourage you to test PHP version changes in a staging environment, you can modify your PHP version on your live website. To do this, go to Manage Websites in your DreamHost Panel. Jun 20, 2023 · The complete list of Array Functions are given below: PHP Array Functions. Description. Example. array_chunk () Split an array into parts or chunks of a given size. Try. array_combine () Create a new array by using one array for keys and another array for values. Dec 16, 2022 · PHP provides us with two major types of functions: Built-in functions : PHP provides us with huge collection of built-in library functions. These functions are already coded and stored in form of functions. To use those we just need to call them as per our requirement like, var_dump, fopen (), print_r (), gettype () and so on. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Well organized and easy to understand Web building tutorials with lots of examples of how to use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, Python, PHP, Bootstrap, Java, XML and more.May 30, 2023 · Great if you like your tutorials to the point. 11. Learn-php.org Free Interactive PHP Tutorial. Learn-php.org free interactive PHP tutorial. The unique thing about this PHP tutorial is that it’s a set of interactive exercises that encourage you to try out coding and see if you can get the expected output. PHP $_REQUEST is a PHP super global variable which is used to collect data after submitting an HTML form. The example below shows a form with an input field and a submit button. When a user submits the data by clicking on "Submit", the form data is sent to the file specified in the action attribute of the <form> tag.PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is known as a general-purpose scripting language that can be utilized to create intuitive and dynamic websites. It was among the pioneer server-side language that can be integrated into HTML, making it easier to include functionality to web pages without requiring to call external data..

Popular Topics